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Article

30 June 2023

Redaction: fraib com

Forum interne 2016

Le Forum interne 2016 de notre fédération s'est déroulé le vendredi 25 novembre dans l'Amphi Toulouse-Garonne du Belvédère à Toulouse, de 8h30 à 17h.

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Article

06 June 2023

Redaction: G. Cassiède-Berjon

Ecology Letters - Biodiversity and ecosystem stability across scales in metacommunities

Although diversity–stability relationships have been extensively studied in local ecosystems, the global biodiversity crisis calls for an improved understanding of these relationships in a spatial context.

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Article

06 June 2023

Redaction: G. Cassiède-Berjon

eLIFE - A non canonical subtilase attenuates the transcriptional activation of defence responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

LIPM researchers identified an atypical protease of the subtilase family [SBT5.2(b)] that attenuates the transcriptional activation of plant defence independently of its protease activity. The SBT5.2 gene produces two distinct transcripts encoding a canonical secreted subtilase [SBT5.2(a)] and an intracellular protein [SBT5.2(b)]. Concomitant to SBT5.2(a) downregulation, SBT5.2(b) expression is induced after bacterial inoculation. SBT5.2(b) localizes to endosomes where it interacts with and retains the defence-related transcription factor MYB30. Nuclear exclusion ofMYB30 results in its reduced transcriptional activation and, thus, suppressed resistance.

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Article

06 June 2023

Redaction: Guillaume Cassiède-Berjon & Rémi Peyraud

PLoS Pathogens - EfpR, a dual regulator of virulence and metabolic functions in Ralstonia solanacearum

Experimental evolution of the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, where bacteria were maintained on plant lineages for more than 300 generations, revealed that several independent single mutations in the efpR gene from populations propagated on beans were associated with fitness gain on bean. In the present work, novel allelic efpR variants were isolated from populations propagated on other plant species, thus suggesting that mutations in efpR were not solely associated to a fitness gain on bean, but also on additional hosts.

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Article

06 June 2023

Redaction: Guillaume Cassiède-Berjon & Jean-Philippe Combier

Cell Host & Microbe - Positive Gene Regulation by a Natural Protective miRNA Enables Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, a plant-fungal mutualistic relationship, is regulated by the miR171 family. Couzigou et al. discover that miR171b has evolved a target site mismatch such that instead of silencing, miR171b protects its target gene LOM1 from cleavage by other miR171 family members and thereby enables AM symbiosis.

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Article

06 June 2023

Redaction: Guillaume Cassiède-Berjon & Emmanuelle Cam

Trends in Ecology & Evolution - The Conundrum of Heterogeneities in Life History Studies

In a review published last November in Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Emmanuelle Cam and collaborators critically analyze the methods used to test the "neutral theory of life stories", synthesizing the approaches and terminology proposed by other disciplines concerning the analysis of longitudinal data (ie long-term monitoring of individuals) and advocate for the use of these approaches in evolutionary ecology.

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Article

06 June 2023

Redaction: MA

CNRGV - Gene@Home - Newsletter May 2017

Online publication

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Article

06 June 2023

Redaction: comFRAIB

Nature Communications - Hyperdominance in Amazonian forest carbone cycling

While Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, the abundance of trees is skewed strongly towards relatively few ‘hyperdominant’ species. In addition to their diversity, Amazonian trees are a key component of the global carbon cycle, assimilating and storing more carbon than any other ecosystem on Earth.

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Article

06 June 2023

Redaction: ComFRAIB

PNAS - Coselected genes determine adaptive variation in herbivore resistance throughout the native range of A. thaliana

The “mustard oil bomb” is a major defense mechanism in the Brassicaceae, which includes crops such as canola and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. These plants produce and store blends of amino acid-derived secondary metabolites called glucosinolates. Upon tissue rupture by natural enemies, the myrosinase enzyme hydrolyses glucosinolates, releasing defense molecules. Brassicaceae display extensive variation in the mixture of glucosinolates that they produce.

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Event

23 September 2022

FR AIB seminar room

M. GLEASON - Genomics meets practice: examples from cucurbit and apple diseases

Mark Gleason is Professor of Plant Pathology at the Iowa State University and was President of the American Phytopathological Society in 2020-2021. He will present his work and projects at a seminar on 23 September at 11am in the FR AIB seminar room.

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Article

06 June 2023

Redaction: GE

INTER-LABS CALL FOR PROJECTS 2020

Despite a shaky calendar, the FRAIB continues its scientific animation activities by renewing its various calls for projects. This new version aims, on one hand, to strengthen exchanges between people, laboratories and scientific themes and on other hand, to support PhD students, especially impacted by the crisis.

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Article

06 June 2023

Redaction: GE

SUMMER CALLS 2021

Two calls for projects are launched, the "OPENING-UP" one and the "YOUNG SCIENTIST" one. The submission deadline is set on September 9, 2021.

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Article

06 June 2023

Redaction: GE

SUMMER CALLS 2021

Two calls for projects are launched, the "OPENING-UP" one and the "YOUNG SCIENTIST" one. The submission deadline is set on September 9, 2021.

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Article

06 June 2023

Redaction: GE

INTER-LABS CALL FOR PROJECTS 2020

Despite a shaky calendar, the FRAIB continues its scientific animation activities by renewing its various calls for projects. This new version aims, on one hand, to strengthen exchanges between people, laboratories and scientific themes and on other hand, to support PhD students, especially impacted by the crisis.

Know more

Article

06 June 2023

Redaction: Marie Aizpuru

Towards a mechanistic understanding of temperature and enrichment effects on species interaction strength, omnivory and food-web structure

Revealing the links between species functional traits, interaction strength and food web structure is of paramount importance for understanding and predicting the relationships between food-web diversity and stability in a rapidly changing world. However, little is known about the interactive effects of environmental perturbations on individual species, trophic interactions and ecosystem functioning. Here, we combined modelling and laboratory experiments to investigate the effects of warming and enrichment on a terrestrial tritrophic system. We found that the food-web structure is highly variable and switches between exploitative competition and omnivory depending on the effects of temperature and enrichment on foraging behaviour and species interaction strength. Our model contributes to identifying the mechanisms that explain how environmental effects cascade through the food web and influence its topology. We conclude that considering environmental factors and flexible food-web structure is crucial to improve our ability to predict the impacts of global changes on ecosystem diversity and stability.

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Article

06 June 2023

Redaction: MA

New Phytologist - Decoding the genome of Eucalyptus grandis, the most widely planted hardwood in the world

Native from Australia, the genus Eucalyptus encompasses more than 700 species. With 20 million hectares of industrial plantations, Eucalyptus (mainly E. grandis and E. globulus species) are the most planted hardwoods in the world mainly for the production of pulp and paper. With the increasing need for renewable energy to the replace fossil resources in a sustainable way, the use of Eucalyptus lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive alternative for the production of second generation biofuels.

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Article

06 June 2023

Redaction: MA

Nature - Primary transcripts of microRNAs encode regulatory peptides

MicroRNAs are small RNAs (approximately 21 nucleotides) that control most biological processes, negatively regulating the expression of many target genes. They are present in plants and animals, inclu- ding humans, in which they are involved in many diseases when their expression is dere- gulated. MicroRNAs are derived from primary transcripts, which are larger RNA molecules produced by transcription of the DNA. Prima- ry transcripts of microRNAs have long been regarded as non-coding RNAs.

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Article

06 June 2023

Redaction: M. Aizpuru

Species traits and phylogenetic conservatism of climate-induced range shifts in stream fishes

Understanding climate-induced range shifts is crucial for biodiversity conservation. However, no general consensus has so far emerged about the mechanisms involved and the role of phylogeny in shaping species responses has been poorly explored. Here, we investigate whether species traits and their underlying phylogenetic constraints explain altitudinal shifts at the trailing and leading edges of stream fish species ranges. We demonstrate that these shifts are related to dissimilar mechanisms: whereas range retractions show some support for phylogenetic clustering due to a high level of conservatism in thermal safety margins, range expansions are underpinned by both evolutionarily conserved and labile traits, notably trophic position and life-history strategy, hence decreasing the strength of phylogenetic signal. Therefore, while climate change brings many difficulties in establishing a general understanding of species vulnerability, these findings emphasize how combining trait-based approaches in light of the species evolutionary history may offer new opportunities in facing conservation challenges.

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Article

06 June 2023

Redaction: G.Esteve

A "B plan" for Biodiversity ?

The most threatened mammal group on Earth, Madagascar’s five endemic lemur families (lemurs are found nowhere else), represent more than 20% of the world’s primate species and 30% of family-level diversity.

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Article

06 June 2023

Redaction: H. Bergès, A. Bellec and M. Aizpuru

Structural and functional partitioning of bread wheat chromosome 3B

Publication of the first reference sequence of the biggest bread wheat chromosome. Thanks to an international collaboration, coordinated by INRA jointly with CEA (Genoscope), CNRS and Université d’Evry in France, this major achievement will allow the identification of numerous genes of agronomic interest, and accelerate wheat improvement. Results are published in Science on July 18th, 2014.

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Article

06 June 2023

Redaction: Gael Esteve

Multihost Experimental Evolution of the Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum Unveils Genes Involved in Adaptation to Plants

Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of a lethal bacterial wilt plant disease, infects an unusually wide range of hosts. These hosts can further be split into plants where R. solanacearum is known to cause disease (original hosts) and those where this bacterium can grow asymptomatically (distant hosts). Moreover, this pathogen is able to adapt to many plants as supported by field observations reporting emergence of strains with enlarged pathogenic properties. To investigate the genetic bases of host adaptation, we conducted evolution experiments by serial passages of a single clone of the pathogen on three original and two distant hosts over 300 bacterial generations and then analyzed the whole-genome of nine evolved clones.

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